Coagulation and Times Inversions free essay sample

January 6-14 denoted my date of task as an understudy phlebotomist in the premises of our medical clinic. This was my most anticipated area all through the entire entry level position thing. I have been anticipating be allocated in this segment since the start of entry level position. Having the option to remove blood from various sort of patients, for example, the geriatric, pediatric and corpulent is extremely remunerating in light of the fact that this is the sign of being a gifted phlebotomist. Toward the beginning of the revolution, I felt somewhat apprehensive and energized simultaneously. Beneficial thing that I was at that point situated with the dos and don’ts in phlebotomy during my evening and night moves all the more along these lines, caused me to feel somewhat certain. Prior to doing any blood extraction, it is basic to know first the cylinders, request of draw and reversals, destinations to stay away from and choose and obviously above all the patient distinguishing proof. We will compose a custom paper test on Coagulation and Times Inversions or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The regularly utilized cylinders in the research center are gold, dark , light blue, red, light green and lavender. The referenced cylinders likewise are in their right request of draw when cleared cylinder strategy is utilized. Gold top cylinders contain Serum Separator Gel which are utilized for science, immunology and serology tests and requires 5-6 reversals. Light blue cylinders contain sodium citrate which are utilized for coagulation tests and just requires 3-4 reversals. Dark top cylinders then again contain supported sodium citrate which are utilized for erythrocyte sedimentation rate and requires 8-10 times reversals. Red plastic cylinders which contain silica improves cluster development and are utilized additionally for science, immunology and serology and blood donation center and furthermore requires 5-6 times reversals. Light green cylinders contain lithium heparin which are utilized for troponin t and contributor screening tests and requires 8-10 reversals. In conclusion, the lavender cylinders contain EDTA whose activity structures calcium salts to evacuate Ca and forestall coagulating and are utilized in CBC assurance and contributor screening and crossmatching and furthermore requires 8-10 times reversals. It is additionally essential to maintain a strategic distance from blood extraction in locales, for example, edematous, calloused, consumed, cold, cyanotic, and blocked territory since this will result to disappointment of assortment and may likewise cause such a great amount of agony to patients. There are numerous acceptable and talented phlebotomist in the lab. Some are relegated in warding in-patients (P1 and P2) and others are appointed in out-patients (OPD). I was first relegated as a P1 during my initial three days in phlebotomy. The P1 are allocated to Emergency Rooms, Medical Ward Extension and third floor rooms. For in-patients, the warding time is at regular intervals when the worklist and scanner tags were printed. I previously felt that the morning shift was busier than the evening and night moves yet incredibly, just at the limit of five patients were to be gathered in each warding time. Typically, the RMT would just let me extricate blood without anyone else. Be that as it may, when I experience a troublesome vein, he was there to help me. During my P1 days, I had the option to perform one of a kind tests, for example, blood culture and gather blood from troublesome destinations, for example, feet. I felt a sentiment of satisfaction in the wake of doing such exercises. At the point when a STAT demand is being called by the ER staff, I was the person who normally gather the blood regardless of whether the patient has a troublesome vein. Next, I was allocated as a phlebotomist in the OPD. Normally, a patients’ demand structure is completed by the assistant at that point printed with scanner tag. The patient is then called out so as to have blood extraction. When the patient is in, he should be recognized effectively before drawing of blood. After the methodology, the examples gathered were then positioned in their plate comparing to the test. During my most recent three days in phlebotomy, I was at last appointed as a P2. P2 secured the ICU, OB-surg, Pedia and fourth floor wards. Life as a P2 was somewhat hard on the grounds that you need to manage some oblivious patients, pediatric and infants. I’ve took in a ton of procedures from her particularly when gathering from pediatric patients. She additionally acquainted me with gather blood from infants having tests, for example, bilirubin and infant screening. After those days as a phlebotomist, I figured out how to control my apprehension and increased a great deal of certainty. The strategies and approaches I experienced will consistently be loved and perpetually will stay at the top of the priority list. Gratefully, presently I realize how to draw blood rapidly and proficiently.

First Person Ranks First: John Mccain a War Point of View

Is it increasingly essential to concentrate on the master plan in War? Doing so is disregard the 58,000 troopers who gave their lives in the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War is frequently observed as an indistinct piece of our history in the United States. This contention in certain Americans minds was a war of morals, a war of good and bad. The United States entered the war so as to attempt to forestall the persistent butcher of Southern Vietnamese individuals. What we can realize is the thing that lies in the narratives of the various individuals who were engaged with the war. The murdering of the Southern Vietnamese represented a moral issue for the United States. The U. S. saw it important to get included. The majority included male or female were children, little girls, guardians, life partners, and companions to other people. What is significant in this war is for us is to comprehend the encounters of the restricting residents and officers included. We as a general rule disregard the individual encounters and parts of the individuals engaged with the war. In John McCain’s Faith of My Fathers and Nguyen Qui Duc’s La Fin d’un Cauchemar we can see the encounters of an American (McCain) and a Vietnamese family. Understanding these people’s perspectives can be the most significant exercise learned. Ones impression of the Vietnam War is frequently and effortlessly slanted by outside sources, for example, media and films. The individual records of the individuals who were really engaged with the war permit us the privilege to a superior comprehension. The two restricting points of view in these stories help their perusers value the gravity of the conditions for the individuals in question. The torment, brutality, and detachment that these stories return to assist us with bettering comprehend the Vietnam War. In the portion from Faith of Our Fathers, John McCain retells his record of the Vietnam War while he was a captive. McCain’s story shows its crowd an alternate side of the war. John McCain was a maritime pilot in the Vietnam War. He flew in 23 shelling missions over North Vietnam. Going before his twenty-third crucial was killed, caught, and was tormented as a POW for five and a half years. (Kennedy, 2002, p. 249) Throughout the course of these years he was brutalized and beaten genuinely and intellectually. Representative McCain’s experience under the revolt of his captors developed his assessment of the uncalled for ramifications of torment. â€Å"Vietnam overlooked its commitments to abuse the Americans they held detainee, asserting that we were occupied with an unlawful war against them and therefore not qualified for the assurances of the Geneva Conventions. † (McCain, 1999, p. 376) McCain’s account told from his first individual point see gives its crowd a soldier’s viewpoint. In Faith of Our Fathers customizes the Vietnam War with his encounters as a POW. The warriors in McCain’s story go about as a model case of a United States Soldier in Vietnam. â€Å"I will always remember that I am an American, battling for opportunity, liable for my activities, and committed to the standards which made my nation free†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (McCain, 1999, p. 376) John McCain exemplified these characteristics from the United States Code of Conduct for American Prisoners of War. His story remains as a portrayal of the mental fortitude that the officers conveyed during the war. The appalling portrayal of torment managed to both McCain and his individual compatriots’ shows the barbarism that went on. The record of Lance Sijan, a Captain in the Air Force, is especially convincing to the crowd. He was shot down in Vietnam continuing a few wounds. Not long after, he was caught by Viet Cong. â€Å"Interrogated a few times, he would not utter a word. He was viciously beaten for his silence†¦and hit with a bamboo club. † (McCain, 1999, p. 383) Despite the proceeded with misuse that was put on Sijan he would not give up his dependability to his nation. The manner in which he and numerous different officers behaved notwithstanding these conditions shows an alternate side of the war. A side that shifts from the normal view of a Vietnam trooper as being irregular and disturbed. These warriors were committed to their motivation and their nation. John McCain’s atypical story stems a superior comprehension of the Vietnam War for our age. Much like and entirely different than Faith of Our Fathers, La Fin d’un Cauchemar by Nguyen Qui Duc shows an alternate side of the Vietnam War that creates an alternate regard and comprehension for the war itself. In La Fin d’un Cauchemar recounts to the tale of a Vietnamese family, more significantly, the Vietnamese dad and how his detainment in North Vietnam has an effect on the family. Duc’s father was detained for more than 12 years. During this timeframe Nguyen’s family battled in the socialist lead society. La Fin d’un Cauchemar shows the encounters of a Vietnamese family in the light of what was happening around them. The Duc family stands illustrative of battling Vietnamese families during the Vietnam War. Nguyen’s family was troubled with mistreatment, ailment, and a detained father. Following two years of not knowing the prosperity or whereabouts of her dad, Nguyen’s mother got a letter with the data that her better half was alive and detained in a North Vietnamese POW camp. Nguyen’s mother â€Å"†¦fought for two months to get a license to visit [her] father, and afterward stand by similarly as long to get train tickets on the bootleg market. † (Duc, 1994, p. 419) The socialist legislature of Vietnam directed her family’s each move. The Vietnamese were seriously abused. Following Nguyen’s moms appearance of her dad, the family was burdened by disease and discontent. Nguyen’s mother invested energy and cash visiting her dad and in doing so harmed herself. Nguyen’s mothers’ lower leg injury got tainted and simultaneously her sister was dieing of kidney disappointment. Nguyen’s family was burdened with issues. Nguyen Qui Duc’s account demonstrates us an elective side to the war. One that didn’t manage officers or fight. Duc’s once in a while described perspective places the peruser in the viewpoint of the Vietnamese non military personnel. Our conclusions are frequently misshaped by outside sources. Outlets like motion pictures slant our comprehension of issues like the Vietnam War. Michael Medved (2005) a broadly coordinated radio anchor person, writer of 10 books, and film pundit says that â€Å"It is unmistakably progressively basic in contemporary war films, paying little mind to the contention being delineated, for the three components of the exemplary war film to be flipped completely around. U. S. troops are almost certainly to be depicted as debilitated, distorted, and sick regardless, altogether different from typical Americans. † (Medved, 2005, p. 53) Movies, a significant hotspot for our generation’s information and recognition of the Vietnam War, need validity and end up being conflicting. Duc’s story is one not in any case addressed in films. Regularly motion pictures are shot through the eyes of the American warriors. The viewpoint of the Vietnamese individuals is never seen. Singular first individual records give us a solid viewpoint of insiders that films can't. These two Vietnam accounts show alternate points of view of the Vietnam War. One being the perspective of an American trooper and the other being a Vietnamese family. The individual encounters of these characters help us to comprehend the war itself. Our age can gain from these encounters by perusing and recognizing the direct retellings of Vietnam. These accounts offer a genuine point of view of the Vietnam War, entirely different from that of the bent and glamorized Hollywood edge. First individual Vietnam accounts are the most canny and honorable bits of chronicled setting we can get. While is important to perceive the greater plan of things it is critical to comprehend the points of view of the people required on the two sides, so as to put the Vietnam War itself in context. Reference Kennedy, C (2002). Profiles in Courage for Our Time. New York: Hyperion Books. McCain J. and Salter M. 2006) Preface from Faith of My Fathers. In K. Ratcliffe (Ed. ), Critical Literacies (third ed. , p 374-387) Boston: Pearson Custom. (Republished from Faith of My Fathers, (1999), Random House, Inc. Copyright 1999 by John McCain. ) Medved, M. , (2005). They don’t make war motion pictures like they used to. USA Today, 134, 52-55. Nguyen Qui Du’c. (2006). La Fin d’un Cauchemar. In K. Ratcliffe (Ed. ), Critical Literacies (thi rd ed. , p 418-425) Boston: Pearson Custom. (Reproduced from Where the Ashes are: The Odyssey of a Vietnamese Family (1994), by Permission of the Author)

Underneath your curves

Underneath your curves DID YOU KNOW? The new wave-y pop song I Should Be Allowed To Think by They Might Be Giants begins with the lyrics, I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving, hysterical Hello readers. Ive had an overwhelming number of requests for sample problems from this years integration bee at MIT. But first, a little bit about my life. Last night I made my TV boyfriend Alton Browns recipe for 40 Cloves and a Chicken. Basically you sear the chicken, cover it in oil, toss in 40 cloves of garlic, which incidentally take a surprisingly long time to peel, and forget about it in a 350 degree oven for 90 minutes. As Alton suggests in his In the Bulb of the Night episode, the leftover oil indeed makes arguably the best garlic bread in the entire world. After that, I headed over to the floor lounge to play Super Mario Kart with Gabe. Three hours later, I realized that maybe bringing my Super Nintendo back to MIT for IAP was not the best idea that I have ever had in my short but colorful life. That is all. So, heres some sample problems that I meant to put up with my entry the MIT Integration Bee last week. Each one should take you no more than four minutes to solve. Constants of integration are not necessary. No knowledge beyond one year of single-variable calculus should be necessary. Work hard! This took me like eleven minutes to make for you in Paint. Yes, dear, I do know how to use Mathematica, but Im in lab right now and I dont have it on this computer, so I figured this would be way, way easier. No, not the girl who builds robots. And while Im thinking of it, that brings us to FIRST ANNUAL TURKEY VS. SPAM POLL If you were describing an integral in words to somebody and you had to say, out loud, the symbol ln x, how would you pronounce it? 1. Natural log of x 2. Natural log x 3. Lynn x (rhymes with win) 4. Lonn x (rhymes with gone) 5. Log x 6. other (please specify) Coming attraction: Sweet suite painting.

Rediscovering The American Frontier Of The United States

Rediscovering the American Frontier Humans have always had a sense of curiosity for the unknown and a greedy fascination for individual growth without seeing the repercussions on others. The United States culminates these qualities not only as a first-world country but it can also be seen from the very beginnings of the nation’s history. The philosophies’ of early settlers in the United States was to have equality between the people, however Americans failed to incorporate this ideology of equality between all races. The seed of white supremacy had already been planted in many settlers minds and was a mouthpiece to many conflicts with Native Americans. Although there were times of peace between the two factions most Native American history involving white settlers is tarnished with bloodshed. Most conflict could have been resolved between the two if the United States had been willing to compromise and look at the Native American people as equals, instead of a burden to expansionism in the Frontier. However severe the conflicts were with the Native Americans many other conflicts arose, including on the Mexican Frontier. The United States during the mid-1800s was developing an interest in westward expansion into the Frontier. These ideas subconsciously then became the phenomenon of the 19th century, because Americans believed that in order to solidify America as one of the largest, most powerful countries in the world expansion within the North American continent would haveShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits of Red Wime729 Words   |  3 Pageshas been many studies and research on the benefits of this beverage and it has a history of originally being used as a medicine. The consumption of red wine includes such benefits as anti-aging, controlled blood sugar, and overall health. 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As the Presocratic philosopher Heraclitus of Ephesus (circa 480 BCE) observed, everything is in a state of flux ‘even the unchanging hills change, but more slowly than most other things’ (Speake, 1979: 135. See also Honderich, 1995; Hussey, 1982; Kahn, 1979; Kirk, 1962). Thus, large scale social and political changes are affecting all organisations without

Comparing Normal Red Blood Cells Characteristics and Sickle Cell Essay

Essays on Comparing Normal Red Blood Cells Characteristics and Sickle Cell Essay The paper "Comparing Normal Red Blood Cells Characteristics and Sickle Cell" is an outstanding example of an essay on category. Normal human red blood cells are biconcave disc-shaped with a high capa for deformability (Diez-Silva et al. 382). Sickle cell red blood cells are present in individuals suffering from a type of structural hemoglobinopathy called sickle cell anemia. Normal adult red blood cells and sickle-shaped red blood cells are different because of the dissimilar composition of the amino acid chain in their hemoglobin. Adult hemoglobin has two ÃŽ ± globin chains and two ÃŽ ² globin amino acid chains. It has been known for quite some years now that in sickle-shaped red blood cells, the glutamic acid of ÃŽ ² globin polypeptide chain is replaced by valine (Diez-Silva et al. 382). Thus, polypeptide chains of hemoglobin are different in these two red blood cell phenotypes. Genetically, this replacement occurs as a result of missense single base mutation, wherein adenine is ch anged to thymine within the 6th codon. Negatively charged glutamic acid provides stability to the red blood cell structure and its loss leads to alteration in the electrophoretic mobility.   This altered phenotype of sickle cell is manifested in the deoxygenated state when the deoxygenated hemoglobin molecule undergoes conformational change into long polymers which distort the red blood cell into a distinctive sickle shape, cause potassium leakage and increase the viscosity. Compared to normal adult red blood cells, sickle cells have reduced pliability and increased ‘stickiness’ so that they cannot traverse through small capillaries and adhere to the endothelium of small venules. Thus, sickle cells are more rigid and adherent as compared to normal red blood cells (Benz 669). Also, these cells are more prone to hemolysis in the spleen. After repeated cycles of shape change, these red blood cells become permanently sickled (Diez-Silva et al. 382).

The Ultimate Diagnosis Of Diseases Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Biomedical information sciences is an emerging field using information engineerings in medical attention. This interdisciplinary field bridges the clinical and genomic research by disputing computing machine solutions ( Mayer, 2012 ) . It is the scientific discipline of utilizing system analytic tools to develop algorithms for direction, procedure control, determination devising and scientific analysis of medical cognition ( Edward Shortliffe H, 2006 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Ultimate Diagnosis Of Diseases Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It leads to the development of intelligent algorithms that can execute submitted undertakings and do determinations without human intercession. It focuses chiefly on algorithms needed for use and geting cognition from the information which distinguishes it from other medical subjects pulling research workers interested in cognition acquisition for adept systems in the biomedical field. Knowledge Discovery Procedure The term Knowledge Discovery in databases ( KDD ) has been adopted for a field of research covering with the automatic find of inexplicit information or cognition within databases ( Jiawei, et al. , 2008 ) . With the fast development and acceptance of informations aggregation methods including high throughput sequencing, electronic wellness records, and assorted imaging techniques, the wellness attention industry has accumulated a big sum of informations. KDD are progressively being applied in wellness attention for obtaining huge cognition by placing potentially valuable and apprehensible forms in the database. These forms can be utilized for farther research and rating of studies. Stairss in KDD Process The chief challenge in KDD procedure is to detect, every bit much as possible utile forms from the database. Figure 1.2 shows the stairss in KDD procedure. Fig 1.2 KDD Procedure The overall procedure of happening and construing forms from informations involves the perennial application of the undermentioned stairss. 1. Datas choice 2. Data cleansing and preprocessing 3. Data decrease and projection 4. Datas excavation 5. Interpreting and measuring mined forms 6. Consolidating discovered cognition Data excavation Data excavation, a cardinal undertaking in the KDD, plays a cardinal function in pull outing forms. Forms may be â€Å" similarities † or â€Å" regularities † in the information, â€Å" high-ranking information † or â€Å" cognition † implied by the informations ( Stutz J 1996 ) . The forms discovered depend upon the information excavation undertakings applied to the database. Figure 1.2 shows the stages in the information excavation procedure. Figure 1.3 Phases in the information excavation procedure The stages in the information excavation procedure to extort forms include Developing an apprehension of the application sphere Data geographic expedition Data readying Choosing the information excavation algorithms Modeling Mining forms Interpretation of forms Evaluation of consequences 1.2.3 Development of informations excavation Data excavation has evolved over three subjects viz. statistics, unreal intelligence ( AI ) and machine acquisition ( ML ) ( Becher. J. 2000 ) . Statistics forms the base for most engineerings, on which information excavation is built. The following subject, AI is the art of implementing human thought like treating to statistical jobs. The 3rd one ML can be exposed as the brotherhood of statistics and AI. Data excavation is basically the version of machine larning techniques to analyze informations and happen antecedently concealed tendencies or forms within. Figure 1.4 Development of informations excavation 1.2.4 Machine acquisition ML is the construct which makes the computing machine plans learn and analyze the given informations they study, so that the plans themselves can be capable of doing different determinations based on the qualities of the studied informations. They have the capableness to automatically larn cognition from experience and other ways ( T, et al. , 2008 ) . They make usage of statistics for cardinal constructs adding more advanced AI heuristics and algorithms to accomplish its ends. ML has a broad assortment of applications in wellness attention. Clinical determination support systems are one among them. 1.3 Clinical determination support systems A clinical determination support system has been coined as an active cognition systems, which use two or more points of patient informations to bring forth case-specific advice [ ] . Clinical determination support systems ( CDSS ) assist doctors in the determination devising procedure. They give a 2nd sentiment in naming diseases therefore cut downing mistakes in diagnosing. They help the clinicians in early diagnosing, differential diagnosing and choosing proper intervention schemes without human intercession. Necessity of CDSS The most important issue confronting a household doctor is the perfect diagnosing of the disease. As more intervention options are available it will go progressively of import to name them early. Although human determination devising is frequently optimum, the turning figure of patients together with clip restraints increases the emphasis and work burden for the doctors and decreases the quality attention offered by them to the patients. Having an adept nearby all clip to help in determination devising is non a executable solution. CDSS offers a executable solution by back uping doctors with a fast sentiment of what the diagnosing of the patient could be and ease to better nosologies in complex clinical state of affairss. Approachs for CDSS There are two types of attacks for edifice CDSS, viz. those utilizing knowledge base and illation engine and those utilizing machine larning algorithms. ML systems are most preferable than regulation based systems. Table 1.1 shows the differences between regulation based and ML based systems. Difference between the two attacks for CDSS Rule based Systems ML based systems Synergistic hence slow Non synergistic hence fast Human resources are needed to do regulations at each measure in determination devising procedure Once the system is trained determination devising is done automatically without human intercession therefore salvaging adept human resources Knowledge base requires inference engine for geting cognition Non cognition base learn and update cognition through experience ML based CDSS ML algorithms based systems are fast and effectual for a individual disease. Pattern acknowledgment is indispensable for the diagnosing of new diseases. ML plays a critical function in acknowledging forms in the information excavation procedure. It searches for the forms within the patient database. Searching and acknowledging forms in the biochemical province of morbid people is really relevant to understanding of how diseases manifest or drugs act. This information can be utilized for disease bar, disease direction, drug find therefore bettering wellness attention and wellness care. Requirements of a good Cadmium The prognostic public presentation and generalisation power of CDSS plays a critical function in categorization of diseases. Typically high sensitiveness and specificity is required to govern out other diseases. This reduces subsequent diagnostic processs which causes extra attempts and costs for differential diagnosing of the disease. Additionally high prognostic truth, speedy processing, consequences reading and visual image of the consequences are besides compulsory for good showing systems. Common issues for CDSS In CDSS systems determination devising can be seen as a procedure in which the algorithm at each measure selects a variable, learns and updates inference based on the variable and uses the new overall information to choose farther variables. Unfortunately finding which sequence carries the most diagnostic information is hard because the figure of possible sequences taking to rectify diagnosing is really big. Choosing good variables for categorization is a ambitious undertaking. Another practical job originating from the CDSS is handiness of necessary sample of patients with a confirmed diagnosing. If there were adequate sample from the population of given disease it would be possible to happen out assorted forms of the properties in the sample. The thesis addresses these two jobs individually. Organization of the thesis The thesis is divided into 10 chapters Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Literature reappraisal Chapter 3: Motivation and aims of the work Chapter 4: Knowledge based analysis of supervised larning algorithms in disease sensing Chapter 5: SVM based CSSFFS Feature choice algorithm for observing chest malignant neoplastic disease Chapter 6: A Hybrid Feature Selection Method based on IGSBFS and NaA?ve Bayes for the Diagnosis of Erythemato – Squamous Diseases Chapter 8: A Combined CFS – SBS Approach for Choosing Predictive Genes to Detect Colon Cancer Chapter 9: A Hybrid SPR_Naive Bayes Algorithm to choose marker cistrons for observing malignant neoplastic disease Chapter 10: Hegs algorithm Chapter 11: LNS Semi Supervised Learning Algorithm for Detecting Breast Cancer Chapter 12: Decision and future sweetening. Drumhead Chapter 2 Literature reappraisal Overview of Machine larning Machine larning systems in wellness attention As medical information systems in modern infirmaries and medical establishments became larger and larger it causes greater troubles. The information base is more for disease sensing. Medical analysis utilizing machine larning techniques has been implemented for the last two decennaries. It has been proven that the benefits of presenting machine larning into medical analysis are to increase diagnostic truth, to cut down costs and to cut down human resources. The medical spheres in which ML has been used are diagnosing of acute appendicitis [ 27 ] , diagnosing of dermatological disease [ 28 ] , diagnosing of female urinary incontinency [ 29 ] , diagnosing of thyroid diseases [ 30 ] , happening cistrons in DNA [ 31 ] , outcome anticipation of patients with terrible caput hurt [ 32 ] , outcome patients of patients with terrible caput hurt [ 33 ] , Xcyt, by Dr. Wolberg to accurately name chest multitudes based entirely on a Fine Needle Aspiration ( FNA ) [ 35 ] , anticipation of metabolic and respiratory acidosis in kids [ 34 ] , every bit good as associating clinical and neurophysiologic appraisal of spasticity [ 35 ] among many others. Mention [ 31 ] [ 103 ] . ML Systems procedure Machine acquisition types Applications of ML ML algorithms Common algorithmic issues Solutions to the algorithmic issues Feature choice Feature choice has besides been used in the anticipation of molecular bioactivity in drug design [ 132 ] , and more late, in the analysis of the context of acknowledgment of functional site in DNA sequences [ 142, 72, 69 ] . Advantages of characteristic choice Improved public presentation of categorization algorithms by taking irrelevant characteristics ( noise ) . Improved generalisation ability of the classifier by avoiding over-fitting ( larning a classifier that is excessively tailored to the preparation samples, but performs ill on other samples ) . By utilizing fewer characteristics, classifiers can be more efficient in clip and infinite. It allows us to better understand the sphere. It is cheaper to roll up and hive away informations based on a decreased characteristic set. Need for characteristic choice Feature choice methods Presently three major types of characteristic choice theoretical accounts have been intensively utilised for cistron choice and informations dimension decrease in microarray informations. They are filter theoretical accounts, wrapper theoretical accounts, and embedded theoretical accounts [ 4 ] . Examples of filters are 2-statistic [ 5 ] , t-statistic [ 6 ] , ReliefF [ 7 ] , Information Gain [ 8 ] etc. Classical negligee algorithms include forward choice and backward riddance [ 4 ] . The 3rd group of choice strategy known as embedded attacks uses the inductive algorithm itself as the characteristic picker every bit good as classifier. Feature choice is really a byproduct of the categorization procedure. Examples are categorization trees such as ID3 [ 15 ] and C4.5 [ 16 ] . John, Kohavi and Pfleger [ 7 ] addressed the job of irrelevant characteristics and the subset choice job. Pudil, and Kittler [ 20 ] presented drifting hunt methods in characteristic choice. Blum and Langley [ 1 ] focused on two cardinal issues: the job of choosing relevant characteristics and the job of choosing relevant illustrations. Kohavi and John [ 24 ] introduced negligees for characteristic subset choice. Yang and Pedersen [ 27 ] evaluated document frequence ( DF ) , information addition ( IG ) , common information ( MI ) , a 2-test ( CHI ) and term strength ( TS ) ; and found IG and CHI to be the most effectual. Dash and Liu [ 4 ] gave a study of characteristic choice methods for categorization. Liu and Motoda [ 12 ] wrote their book on characteristic choice which offers an overview of the methods developed since the 1970s and provides a general model in order to analyze these methods and categorise them. Kira and Rendell ( 1992 ) described a statistical characteristic choice algorithm called RELIEF that uses case based larning to delegate a relevancy weight to each characteristic. Koller and Sahami ( 1996 ) examined a method for characteristic subset choice based on Information Theory. Jain and Zongker ( 1997 ) considered assorted characteristic subset choice algorithms and found that the consecutive forward drifting choice algorithm, proposed by Pudil, NovoviE†¡covA?a and Kittler ( 1994 ) , dominated the other algorithms tested. Yang and Honavar ( 1998 ) used a familial algorithm for characteristic subset choice. Weston, et Al. ( 2001 ) introduced a method of characteristic choice for SVMs. Xing, Jordan and Karp ( 2001 ) successfully applied characteristic choice methods ( utilizing a loanblend of filter and wrapper attacks ) to a categorization job in molecular biological science affecting merely 72 informations points in a 7130 dimensional infinite. Miller ( 2002 ) explained subset choice in arrested development. Forman ( 2003 ) presented an em pirical comparing of 12 characteristic choice methods. Guyon and Elisseeff ( 2003 ) gave an debut to variable and feature choice. FS in clinical informations Ressom et.al [ 3 ] gives an overview of statistical and machine learning-based characteristic choice and pattern categorization algorithms and their application in molecular malignant neoplastic disease categorization or phenotype anticipation. Their work does non affect experimental consequences. C.Y.V Watanabe et.al [ 4 ] , have devised a method called SACMiner aimed at chest malignant neoplastic disease sensing utilizing statistical association regulations. The method employs statistical association regulations to construct a categorization theoretical account. Their work classifies medical images and is non applicable to textual medical informations. Siegfried Nijssen et al. , [ 10 ] have presented their work on multi-class co-related form excavation. Their work resulted in the design of a new attack for point set excavation on informations from the UCI depository. Their comparing included merely the new attack designed and the extension of the Apriori algorithm. Their consequenc es reveal comparison chiefly on the runtime of the excavation attacks. T. Cover and P. Hart [ 11 ] performed categorization undertaking utilizing K- Nearest Neighbor categorization method. Their work shows that K-NN can be really accurate in categorization undertakings under certain specific fortunes. Their consequences reveal that for any figure of classs, the chance of mistake of the Nearest Neighbor regulation is bounded above by twice the Bayes chance of mistake. Aruna et.al [ 6 ] presented a comparing of categorization algorithms on the Wisconsin Breast Cancer and Breast tissue dataset but has non provided characteristic choice as a pre-classification status. Furthermore they have analyzed the categorization consequences of merely five categorization algorithms viz. NaA?ve Bayes, Support Vector Machines ( SVM ) , Radial Basis Neural Networks ( RB-NN ) , Decision trees J48 and simple CART. Luxmi et. al. , [ 12 ] have performed a comparative survey on the public presentation of b inary classifiers. They have used the Wisconsin chest malignant neoplastic disease dataset with 10 properties and non the chest tissue dataset. Furthermore they have non brought out the consequence of characteristic choice in categorization. Their experimental survey was restricted to four categorization algorithms viz. ID3, C4.5, K-NN and SVM. Their consequences did non uncover complete truth for any of the categorization algorithms. FS in genomic informations Feature choice techniques are critical to the analysis of high dimensional datasets [ 1 ] . This is particularly true in cistron choice of microarrays because such datasets frequently contain a limited figure of preparation samples but big sum of characteristics, under the premise that merely several of which are strongly associated with the categorization undertaking while others are excess and noisy [ 2 ] . Previous research has proven cistron choice to be an effectual step in cut downing dimension to better the computational efficiency, taking irrelevant and noisy cistrons to better categorization and prognostic truth, and heightening interpretability that can assist place and supervise the mark disease or map types [ 3 ] . Gene look analysis is an illustration of a large-scale experiment, where one measures the written text of the familial information contained within the DNA into other merchandises, for illustration, courier RNA ( messenger RNA ) . By analyzing different degrees of messenger RNA activities of a cell, scientists learn how the cell alterations to react both to environmental stimulations and its ain demands. However, cistron look involves supervising the look degrees of 1000s of cistrons at the same time under a peculiar status. Microarray engineering makes this possible. A microarray is a tool for analysing cistron look. It consists of a little membrane or glass slide incorporating samples of many cistrons arranged in a regular form. Microarray analysis allows scientists to observe 1000s of cistrons in a little sample at the same time and to analyse the look of those cistrons. There are two chief types of microarray systems [ 35 ] : the complementary DNA microarrays developed in the Bro wn and Botstein Laboratory at Stanford [ 32 ] and the high-density oligonucleotide french friess from the Affymetrix company [ 73 ] Gene look informations from DNAmicroarrays are characterized by manymeasured variables ( cistrons ) on merely a few observations ( experiments ) , although both the figure of experiments and cistrons per experiment are turning quickly [ 82 ] . in [ 12 ] , cistrons selected by t-statistic were fed to a Bayesian probabilistic model for sample categorization. Olshen et al [ 85 ] suggested uniting t-statistic, Wilcoxon rank sum trial or the X2-statistic with a substitution based theoretical account to carry on cistron choice. Park et al built a marking system in [ 87 ] to delegate each cistron a mark based on preparation samples. Jaeger et al [ 51 ] designed three pre-filtering methods to recover groups of similar cistrons. Two of them are based on bunch and one is on correlativity. Thomas et Al in [ 121 ] , they presented a statistical arrested development patterning attack to detect cistrons that are differentially expressed between two categories of samples. to detect differentially expressed cistrons, Pan [ 86 ] compared t-statistic, the arrested development patterning attack against a mixture theoretical account attack proposed by him. Besides statistical steps, other dimension decrease methods were besides adopted to choose cistrons from look informations. Nguyen et al [ 82 ] proposed an analysis process for cistron look informations categorization, affecting dimension decrease utilizing partial least squares ( PLS ) and categorization utilizing logistic favoritism ( LD ) and quadratic discriminant analysis ( QDA ) . Furey et al [ 39 ] farther tested the efficiency of SVM on several other cistron look informations sets and besides obtained good consequences. Both of them selected prejudiced cistrons via signal-to-noise step. two new Bayesian categorization algorithms were investigated in Li et al [ 68 ] which automatically incor porated a characteristic choice procedure. Weston et al [ 131 ] incorporate characteristic choice into the learning process of SVM. The characteristic choice techniques they used included Pearson correlativity coefficients, Fisher standard mark, Kolmogorov-Smirnov trial and generalisation choice bounds from statistical larning theory. Traveling a measure farther, Guyon et al [ 43 ] presented an algorithm called recursive characteristic riddance ( RFE ) , by which characteristics were in turn eliminated during the preparation of a sequence of SVM classifiers. Gene choice was performed in [ 50 ] by a consecutive hunt engine, measuring the goodness of each cistron subset by a wrapper method. Another illustration of utilizing the negligee method was [ 67 ] , where Li et al combined a familial algorithm ( GA ) and the k-NN method to place a subset of cistrons that could jointly know apart between different categories of samples. Culhane et al [ 31 ] applied Between-Group Analysis ( BGA ) to microarray informations. A few published surveies have shown promising consequences for outcome anticipation utilizing cistron look profiles for certain diseases [ 102, 14, 129, 140, 88, and 60 ] . Cox relative jeopardy arrested development [ 30, 74 ] is a common method to analyze patient results. It has been used by Rosenwald et Al to analyze endurance after chemotherapy for diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma ( DLBCL ) patients [ 102 ] , and by Beer et Al to foretell patient out of lung glandular cancer [ 14 ] . Semi supervised larning Within the machine larning community, a figure of semi-supervised larning algorithms have been introduced taking to better the public presentation of classifiers by utilizing big sums of unlabelled samples together with the labelled 1s [ 12 ] . The end of semi-supervised acquisition is to utilize bing labeled informations in concurrence with unlabelled informations to bring forth more accurate classifiers than utilizing the labeled information entirely. A good overview of semi-supervised acquisition is provided by [ 7 ] . SSL methods Semi-supervised larning algorithms can be productive, discriminatory or a combination of both. Some popular semi supervised methods within the productive categorization model include co-training [ 2, 5 ] . and outlook maximization ( EM ) mixture theoretical accounts [ 9, 1 ] . As a generic ensemble larning model [ 20 ] , hiking plants via consecutive building a additive combination of base scholars, which appears unusually successful for supervised acquisition [ 21 ] . Boosting has been extended to SSL with different schemes. Semi-supervised Margin Boost [ 22 ] and ASSEMBLE [ 23 ] were proposed by presenting the â€Å" pseudo category † or the â€Å" pseudo label † constructs to an unlabelled point so that unlabelled points can be treated every bit same as labelled illustrations in the boosting process. Regularization has been employed in semi supervised larning to work unlabelled informations [ 8 ] . A figure of regularisation methods have been proposed based on a bunc h or smoothness premise, which exploits unlabelled informations to regulate the determination boundary and hence affects the choice of larning hypotheses [ 9 – 14 ] . Working on a bunch or smoothness premise, most of the regularisation methods are of course inductive. On the other manus, the manifold premise has besides been applied for regularisation where the geometric construction behind labelled and unlabelled informations is explored with a graph-based representation. In such a representation, illustrations are expressed as the vertices and the brace wise similarity between illustrations is described as a leaden border. Therefore, graph-based algorithms make good usage of the manifold construction to propagate the known label information over the graph for labeling all nodes [ 15 – 19 ] Drumhead Chapter 3 Motivation and aims of the work Motivation of the work From the literature study it can be seen that the machine-controlled systems for disease sensing, unluckily merely sort types of tumours or used for differential diagnosing of the disease. They do non choose the enlightening characteristic which contains necessary information for disease sensing. Raw information is used for preparation. Categorization utilizing natural informations without any pre processing techniques is a arduous work for the classifiers. The truth of the excavation algorithms is affected by the redundant, irrelevant and noisy properties in the information set. Generalizations of the machine acquisition algorithms are influenced by the dimension of the information set. Preprocessing techniques like characteristic choice and characteristic extraction eliminates excess, irrelevant properties and reduces noise from the information identifies prognostic characteristics therefore cut downing dimension of the informations. Many of the surveies available in the literature uses feature extraction techniques which transforms the properties or combines two or more characteristics therefore bring forthing new characteristic. Some surveies available in the literature utilizing feature choice techniques used either filters or negligees for choosing needed characteristic subset. Typically, filter based algorithms do non optimise the categorization truth of the classifier straight, but effort to choose characteristics with certain sort of rating standard. Filters have good computational complexness. The advantages are that the algorithms are frequently fast and the selected cistrons are better generalized to unobserved informations categorization. Different from filters, the wrapper attack evaluates the selected characteristic subset harmonizing to their power to better sample categorization truth [ 9 ] . The categorization therefore is â€Å" cloaked † in the variable choice procedure. Wrappers yield high truth. Furthermore, extra stairss are needed to pull out the selected characteristics from the embedded algorithms. To harvest the advantages of both methods hybrid algorithms are of recent research involvement. The thesis addresses the job of characteristic choice for machine larning through assorted methods to choose minimum characteristic subset from the job sphere. A good characteristic can lend a batch to the categorization. The classifier ‘s true value depends on the ability to pull out information utile for determination support. Existing CDSS systems are developed utilizing supervised algorithms, they require a batch of labelled samples for constructing the initial theoretical account. Obtaining labelled samples are hard clip devouring and dearly-won. But unlabelled samples are abundant. Semi supervised algorithms are suited for this state of affairs. These systems do non pull out the cognition available in the unlabelled samples. SSL combines both labeled and unlabelled illustrations to bring forth an appropriate map or classifier. When the labeled informations are limited, the usage of cognition from unlabelled informations helps to better the public presentation. SSL algorithms use the cognition from the abundant unlabeled samples for constructing the theoretical account. Aims of the work Better the quality of medical determination support systems. Bettering the prognostic power of classifiers utilizing characteristic choice algorithms. Elimination of redundant, irrelevant and noisy characteristics without losing the important features of the information sphere. Improve generalisation of classifiers. Reducing the complexness of the algorithms. Benefits of the research work The developed theoretical accounts in this research shall help the clinicians to better their anticipation theoretical accounts for single patients. More dependable diagnosing. Quality services at low-cost costs can be provided. Poor clinical determinations can be eliminated. How to cite The Ultimate Diagnosis Of Diseases Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Polystyrene Bead Molding Essays - Packaging Materials,

Polystyrene Bead Molding Introduction On September 7th and 14th of 2000 my lab partners and I conducted the polystyrene bead molding project. My lab partners are Josh Dick, Mike Ward, and Keith Matlock, and we conducted the procedure in room W126 of the Kansas Technology Center. We were to attempt to make polystyrene bead molds using two different methods. In theory we would be able to perform the bead molding. Theory Polystyrene bead molding can be performed in two ways. One way is to fill the mold 25 to 30 percent full and then applying heat, either boiling water or baking it. Another way is to boil the raw beads, dry the beads, fill the mold with them, and then heat it in an oven. We were to attempt both of these procedures in our lab project. My expectations were that the molds would turn out good. Materials & Equipment Locations water container to boil water lab electric stove lab oven lab aluminum molds lab pan container to dry expanded beads lab polystyrene beads refrigerator in lab sieve lab Procedure raw bead expansion procedure 1. First we turned on the electric stove and placed the water container that was about two thirds full on the stove so the water could boil. 2. Then we filled the molds about 25 to 30 percent full and closed the molds with the mold nuts. 3. When the water began to boil we placed the molds in the boiling water. 4. We left the molds in for about twenty minutes and then pulled them out and ran cold water over them in the sink for about a minute. 5. We removed the mold nuts and took out the molded materials. pre-expanded bead procedure 1. First we put the raw beads in the boiling water and let them expand. 2. Then we removed them from the water with a sieve. 3. We placed the expanded beads in a pan container so they could dry. They were left to dry for a week, until our next lab meeting. 4. After the beads had dried we filled a mold with them and placed the mold in the Blue M Oven, which was preheated to 275 degrees Fahrenheit. 5. The mold was left in the oven for twenty minutes and then removed. 6. After cooling the mold we removed the mold nuts and removed the molded materials. Results The raw bead expansion procedure was successful; the beads expanded and made terrific molds. While being heated in the mold the expansion of gasses caused the beads to expand. Our molds were in the shapes of spheres, one looked like a softball and the other looked like a regular sphere. Below are hand sketches our molds. The outcome of the pre-expanded bead mold was less fortunate. The beads did not take shape of the mold. To be more precise the beads did not change at all. Conclusion In conclusion the raw bead expansion procedure appears to be a better method for polystyrene molding. The raw bead expansion procedure proved true to my expectations and the molds turned out good. However we apparently performed the pre-expanded bead mold incorrectly and the results were a failure. After performing the lab I looked through the job sheet for this project and found a side note we overlooked on page 34. It specifically states to use freshly pre-expanded beads and the storage of expanded beads is 6 days maximum. Science Essays

Little miss sunshine Essays

Little miss sunshine Essays Little miss sunshine Essay Little miss sunshine Essay Interior of a asss family home. The dilapidated walls are a mustard color while the doors are starting to fall off their hinges. Olive stands in front of the full bodied mirror in the bathroom after the Little Miss Sunshine beauty pageant and look at herself in disgust. Shes wearing a light pink top and red leggings along with her red sweatband. The colors clash like two stubborn people. Theres only a small amount of light being let in by the window through the rip in the curtain and its shining right t Olive. Shes started reflecting on the Journey she has Just arrived back from and its then she realizes, shes not good enough for anything or anyone. Olive: I thought I was doing a good thing. I thought it was going to be all worthwhile. I thought I was going to win Why did you ever think you were going to win? I mean seriously Olive, look at yourself and then remember those other beauty pageant girls. You were nothing like them: their nice tans and their slim bodies, their nicely done-up hair and their makeup. You have none of that. You could never have won even if you tried. Youre a loser and thats all youll ever be (sighs). Olive keeps looking at herself in the mirror pulling at her hair and her clothes The sad thing about it is though that the one person you thought you could trust actually was the one that let you down in the end She looks up to the sky as she starts talking about granddad. She paces back in forth across the room. She is starting to harden her tone as she goes. Whod you do it grandpa? You made me look a fool. You made the whole family look like fools, and you werent even here to support me in the end. No, you know what I realism now? Youre a selfish coward that never cared for any of us. You Just decided that your addiction (said sarcastically) was more important than me, the most beautiful girl on the planet. Your words exactly.. How could you? I relied on you, I needed you.. Olive subtly starts to soften her tone as she goes and sits on the side of the bath with her head in her hands. Right from the beginning, I always told myself that you were always the one that was going to be my side until the end. The one that was always going to look out for me, support me. Encourage me to be the best I could be in life, but now.. Now I feel as if you have Just used me for one of your little games and its not fair on me. I dont even feel as if I belong in this family already and youve made it worse for me. Olive stands and goes back pacing back and forth and starts talking to the rest of her family. Youre all ashamed of me and I can tell. I can tell by the way o all make subtle hints about my weight and the little looks you all give me. I know Im not the winner you wanted me to be dad but Im doing the best I can, I only entered that contest because I wanted you to be proud of me. I wanted everyone to be proud of me for once. Mum, I know you wanted to let me be who I wanted to be, but I wish you had of Just told me the truth rather than lie to me. Yes, you wanted to protect me But sometimes protecting your little girl meaner having to be truthful. I can handle it, Im older now. I dont need protecting. Olive goes back to standing staring t herself in the mirror and starts talking to herself again. I guess deep down I really did know what grandpa was trying to achieve and I turned a blind eye to it. I just wanted to make him proud, make the rest of you proud. Its your fault in the end olive, I mean look at yourself. Youre nothing like those beauty pageant girls with their have none of that. So stop trying. Olive goes and sits in the corner of the bathroom huddled in a ball and starts to cry.

Intact is One Word

Intact is One Word Intact is One Word Intact is One Word By Maeve Maddox Ive seen too many examples of intact written as two words to go on assuming that they are typographical errors. Photo caption: A couch that was left in tact after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. Question on medical forum: Is chest muscle left in tact after MastX? Question on aviation site: Why are there only 2 Stukas left in tact today? The adjective intact is written as one word. It means whole, entire, not affected by anything that injures. Ex. An animal that has not been spayed or neutered is said to be intact. The literal meaning of intact is untouched. The in prefix means not. The tact comes from a verb meaning to touch. The noun tact has the same origin. An obsolete use is sense of touch. Now the words main use is figurative: tact ready and delicate sense of what is fitting and proper in dealing with others, so as to avoid giving offence, or win good will; skill or judgement in dealing with men or negotiating difficult or delicate situations; the faculty of saying or doing the right thing at the right time. (OED) As for intact, lets keep it, well, intact. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†One Fell Swoop10 Tips About How to Write a Caption

Thomas Cook and the modern tourism industry. The Evolution of Essay

Thomas Cook and the modern tourism industry. The Evolution of International Tourism - Essay Example The specific industry has appeared rather early, around the 15th century; however, it was only in the 19th century that the first schemes of modern tourism appeared. Thomas Cook has been an entrepreneur who highly influenced modern tourism. The perceptions of the above entrepreneur on tourism had led to the transformation of the industry and the establishment of advanced forms of tourism, which affected not only the British but also the global economy. The impact of Thomas Cook on modern tourism is reviewed in this paper. Emphasis is given on the contributions of Thomas Cook that mostly affected the tourism industry; reference is made both in the short and the long-term effects of the intervention of Thomas Cook in the tourism industry. It is made clear that the role of Thomas Cook in the development of modern tourism has been decisive. However, the current form of modern tourism is the result of the rapid development of technology worldwide, which allowed the improvement of infrastr ucture for the needs of the tourism industry and the increase of destinations. Because of Thomas Cook the tourism industry was made accessible to people of all economic and social characteristics, a fact which is considered as the key contribution of Thomas Cook in the specific industry, along perhaps with the packaging tours, a scheme first introduced by Thomas Cook (Sayre and King 2009). In other words, Thomas Cook set the basis for modern tourism; the industry’s development through the decades has been strongly based on economic and technological development as promoted in countries worldwide. 2. Thomas Cook and the modern tourism industry 2.1. Origins and characteristics of the modern tourism industry The first forms of tourism can be identified in Britain of 15th century. In the 16th century also, the mansions used across England ‘became cultural centres’ (Page and Connell 2006, p.28). It was during the above periods that the origins of tourism can be identi fied. The ‘visiting friends and relatives scheme’ (Page and Connell 2006, p.28) was considered as the initial form of tourism in Britain. In the 17th century, the ‘polite tourism’ (Page and Connell 2006, p.28) was highly developed. In the context of this type of tourism, visits were made to important members of the society (Page and Connell 2006). The health tourism, i.e. the visit to areas that would benefit the health, also appeared in the 17th century, and has been further developed up today (Page and Connell 2006). In the centuries that followed, the characteristics of tourism were changed. Instead of a pleasure enjoyed by only the rich, tourism became an activity for the masses; the mass tourism, which was first developed by Thomas Cook, as, explained below. The most common view regarding the development of modern tourism is included in the study of Best (2010). In accordance with the above researcher, the transformation of travel to modern tourism too k place in 1841 through the ‘railway journey from Leicester to Loughborough in the context of a Temperance meeting’ (Best 2010, p.139). Thomas Cook arranged the above meeting considering that it would be a good chance for families to visit a place with a dry climate, like Loughborough. The relationship between modern tourism and the above event is highly emphasized in the literature, showing the contribution of Thomas Cook in the development of travel as a leisure activity. The transformation of tourism through the centuries reveals the following fact: tourism has passed a phase of

Investment Bank Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Investment Bank Analysis - Research Paper Example The job prospective in Vancouver is not at all impressive. Total 12, 530 people are working as business professional in Vancouver. 33% of total business graduated employees in Vancouver have managed career related employment. Major of the business graduates in Vancouver are getting employment either in government sector or in public limited firms. As per the interest in equity research analysis; the average salary for equity research associate in Vancouver is $75,000 per annum. (b)Regulation The main advantage of being a part of a union is a student can be represented locally and nationally. Many students who stay away from home for the purpose of higher studies, the member of union can help them in every major and minor incident. Moreover being a part of union a student can achieve social affiliation by the other members. Last but not the least the union can actually help the graduates to place the members in various companies. Salary information of other employees should not be disclose to the prospective employees who has newly appointed in organizations as it is the personal matter of individuals and confidential matter of organization. Job protection legislation is required to exist in the firm in the competitive business market. The professional association may look after the basic employment needs according to the business priorities. They have to look after the promotions of employees according to the performance. Moreover the employees should be informed of the job roles and performance expectations. These monitoring activities will protect the employment right in organizations.

The Role Of Women In Religion Religion Essay

The Role Of Women In Religion Religion Essay Religion has been apparent and ever developing since the beginning of man. Both woman and man have contributed to that development and believed in a higher power to explain their own existence. Now, with the different variations on religion and separation in belief, women and men have taken on different roles that are distinct to their particular faith. Often, among all religions, mans role has been superior to that of women. All of the worlds major religions depreciate women to some degree; so what role do women play in religion? And what impact have they had? In examining three of the worlds major religions: Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism, this paper will compare and contrast the role of women as well as discuss any influence women have had in the development of each faith. How Women Are Viewed? The view of women on the Hindu religion has changed over the course of history several times. The view of women was sometimes, but not always positive. In the earlier Upanishad Age they seemed to have been given more respect than in later times. According to the Hindu religion, a woman is the form of energy or an aspect of Shakti. In many Hindu scripture she is both upheld and respected. High opinion is especially given to women who are mothers and disrespect of her is considered unforgiveable. One Hindu scripture states, All other sins are expiable but he who is cursed the mother never liberated. Another Hindu scripture ranks the value of a woman over that of a man stating, An outcast father may be forsaken, but not the mother, she is never an outcast to the son. Many other religions do not hold the respect of woman over that of men. The Buddhist religion for example, states very little about women. This is not because the Buddhism refuses to recognize women but rather that they strive to have equality among women and men. Thus the scripture speaks of the human race as a whole and makes little distinction between genders. In one scripture, the Visuddhi Magga, a monk asked, Reverend Sir, have you seen a woman pass this way? And the elder said: Was it a woman or a man that passed this way? I cannot tell. But this I know, a set of bones is travelling upon this road. (Mohr, Tsedroen, 2010) In comparison to the Buddhist religion, Christianity also strives for an equal and positive view of women. In the Old Testament the creation of man is explained and represents both women and men as equally valuable. It states, Then God said, Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move along the ground. So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them, (Genesis 1:26-27.) In society, Christian women have rules and laws to abide by. Christian women are instructed by God to conduct themselves modestly, as a witness of God to unbelievers. Your beauty should not come from outward adornment, such as braided hair and the wearing of gold jewelry and fine clothes. Instead, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of the gentle and quiet spirit which is of great worth in God s ight. (1 Peter 3:3-4). Christians do not try to earn merit in order that there good deeds may outweigh their bad. Roles of Women Women played many different roles in the history of the Hindu religion. During childhood she is under her parents care but when she marries she becomes the sole responsibility and property of her husband. As his wife, she takes on four different roles. Her roles include; servant to her husband in duty, minister in decision making, as a mother to his children and lover in his bed. Women in the Hindu religion are expected to act and speak with respect for their husband as well as other men. (Sharma, Libraries, 2001) In the days of the Buddha, other religious teachers had also spoken on the duties and obligations of a wife towards her husband. They stressed that it is the particular duty of a wife to bear an off-spring for the husband, and render him faithful service and to provide conjugal happiness. The teachings of the Buddha were not as biased towards the husbands. In the Singalovada Sutta, the Buddha had clearly stated both the duties of the husband towards the wife and vice versa. On the part of the husband, he should be faithful, courteous and not despising. It is the husbands duty to hand over authority to his wife; and from time to time, provide her with adornments. Therefore, we witness the unbiased attitude shown by the Buddha towards both men and women. (Yifa, Yifa, 2010) In the Christian faith there is a contrasting perspective. Women, though viewed as equal to men in value in the eyes of God are given unequal roles. In Genesis 2, there is a more detailed account of the creation of Adam and Eve and discloses the differences in their purpose and responsibilities as given by God himself. The general idea is that God did not create the man and the woman at the same time, but rather He created Adam first and Eve later for the specific purpose of being Adams helper. Eve was equal to Adam, but she was given the role and duty of submitting to him. The womans one and only role in the Christian religion is to be submissive to her husband and be a good helpmate to him. (House, 1995) A woman has no role in the church that is ruled and dictated only by men. The Christian woman is instructed by scripture to remain silent in matters of the church. 1 Corinthians of the Bible states, Let your women keep silent in the churches, for they are not permitted to speak; bu t they are to be submissive, as the law also says. Women in Religious and Leadership Roles The leadership and religious roles of women in all three religions have changed over the course of history. Women in early Hinduism were very well respected. They took part in the royal court, and they were not afraid to push an issue until they were fully satisfied with the answer. These teachers were wise and well valued by other philosophers, of both the male and female genders. These women also contributed to how the various sacred teachings of Hinduism were brought down through the generations. Over the years, the situation surrounding Hindu women is gradually changing. They are gaining respect in both politics and religion and share an equal status with men. In some cases they enjoy more opportunities than women in many western countries. (Sharma, Libraries, 2001) Advances are also being made for women in the Buddhist religion. The Buddha opened the gates for the full participation of women in the field of religion by making them eligible for admission into the Bhikkhuni Sangha the Order of Nuns. This opened new paths of culture, social services and opportunities for public life to women It led implicitly to the credit of their importance to society, and in doing so enhanced the status of women .It was said that under circumstances women are considered wiser and discerning than men, and that they are also capable of attaining perfection or sainthood treading the Noble Eight fold Path. (Yifa, Yifa, 2010) When King Kosala found that he had a daughter Instead of a son, the Buddha pointed out not only their weaknesses but also their potential. The Buddha clearly showed that women are capable of understanding his teachings and also to practice them to some degree of spiritual attainment. (Mohr, Tsedroen, 2010) The modern era of Buddhism is much different than in the days of the Buddha. Womens liberation, their quest for freedom and equality achieved tremendous strides mostly in the West. This came about as the result of modern trends and thinking, and modern education for women in all areas of higher learning. Like women in Hinduism and Buddhism, women in Christianity have gained better status and new roles in religion. In fact, women in Christianity may have made the most progress over history. In the early development of Christianity, women were told to take on the submissive role and only he a helper to their husbands. The womans role in the church was nonexistent and has now risen to a point where she can obtain roles as a minister and/or dean in the church. The Christian woman also has a voice that is respected and valued in making decisions. In conclusion women of all three religions were historically not given the value and respect that men were, but have all gained new status and roles in their religion. Women throughout history have played different roles in different religion, but most of the time women were submissive to men. Women would never dream of becoming a minister or involved in the leadership of the religion regardless which religion it was. Today, women play more roles in leadership than ever before.

Macroeconomics Impact on Business Operations

Macroeconomics is reflection of performance and structure of economics of a nation or a region. Gross Domestic Produce (GDP), consumption, unemployment, inflation, international trade etc come in ambit of Macroeconomics. Whereas, microeconomic is about actions of businesses (firms) and consumers in determining demand- supply/ prices at market place. A Business Operation is very much part of Macroeconomic activities cycle. Other than Business Operation or ‘Corporation’, other key elements of macroeconomic cycle are ‘household’, ‘workforce’, ‘government’ and ‘financial market’. For illustration, following aspect of macroeconomics directly impact a business function Increase in consumption: Positive macroeconomics indicates healthy economy which means high consumption or growing demand for products. High market demand for a product leads to opportunity for efficient business operations, and growth in top line of the business house. However there are industry specific business cycles which may have certain lead/ lag with the overall macroeconomic health of region/ country. International trade: Incase government promote imports by local industry, there is adverse impact on related business operation as increase in intensity of local competition asks for business to redefine their business strategy. Whereas any sop extended in macroeconomic policy for increasing exports would provide bigger market to the business, asking for increasing capacities and manpower. Monetary Policy: Monetary policy is an important lever with government to control supply of money in the system. Tightening of money supply by fed / apex bank impacts a corporate/ business considerably. For a business operation to raise debt at lower interest rates, macroeconomics of the country must be in healthy shape. Countries like Russia, Brazil etc have used monetary policy other macroeconomic measures to contain galloping inflation effectively. In nut shell each nation use macroeconomic measure to keep good economy health, efficient business operations and well being of public. References: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Olivier Blanchard (2000), Macroeconomics,. Prentice Hall 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Heijdra, B.J. and F. van der Ploeg (2002), Foundations of Modern Macroeconomics, Oxford University Press   

Genetically Modified Organism Glowfish - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 543 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/02/14 Category Health Essay Level High school Topics: GMO Essay Did you like this example? GloFish were originally zebrafish, a tropical fish from the Minnow family. They originate in rivers of Himalayas and Eastern India. Zebrafish measure three centimeters long and were name for their distinct blue stripes on the side of their bodies. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Genetically Modified Organism: Glowfish" essay for you Create order In 1999, Zebrafish were genetically modified with fluorescent by Scientist at the National Singapore University. Dr. Zhiyuan Gong and his colleagues were working with a gene that encodes the green fluorescent protein (GFP), originally extracted from a jellyfish, that naturally produced bright green fluorescence (â€Å"StateMaster Encyclopedia: Glofish†). They inserted the gene into a zebrafish embryo, allowing it to integrate into the zebrafishs genome, which caused the fish to be brightly fluorescent under both natural white light and ultraviolet light. GloFish were intentionally developed to help fight pollution in water. The long-term goal for the scientists was to detect toxins in water so that polluted waterways could be identified and the local communities using those waterways could be protected. â€Å"The first step was to make them fluoresce all the time,† explains Alan Blake, co-founder and CEO of Texas-based Yorktown Technologies, which introduced GloFish to the home aquarium market in 2003. The fluorescing color in the fish, will signal that water is contaminated. A gene is inserted in one zebra fish embryo one time, and the fluorescence trait is then carried from generation to generation through traditional breeding. One of many advantages of using GloFish is that, they produce hundreds of offspring and grow at an extremely fast rate. Providing Scientists countless of GloFish to conduct their studies. Because of their neon colors, GloFish became the first genetically modified animal to be commercialized. They became a very popular pet in the fish market across the United States. The fish appear bright under normal white light and fluoresce brilliantly under a blue light. They are available in six colors such as; Starfire Red, Electric Green, Sunburst Orange, Cosmic Blue, Galactic Purple, and Moonrise Pink (â€Å"StateMaster Encyclopedia: Glofish†). Each GloFish inherits its unique color directly from its parents, maintains the color throughout its life, and passes the color along to its offspring. It has been reviewed by many state agencies (Florida division of agriculture), they have concluded that fluorescent fish are safe for the environment. GloFish are approved for human use by the U.S. food and drug administration (â€Å"GMO GloFish.†). Despite the GloFish being tested as safe, California along with Canada and Europe has used its Environmental Quality Act to ban sale of GloFish. One con of creating the GloFish, is that they cannot survive in North American waters. â€Å"Their non-GloFish equivalents have not established in the wild, and it is reasonable to assume that a bright, fluorescent equivalent would have even less of a chance of survival,† says Craig A. Watson, director of the Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory at the University of Florida. Overall the GloFish was genetically modified to help protect the environment. It was a very creative and easy genetically modification, due to the fish being able to continue to pass off the trait in their genes for generations. To this day, there are no proven history of serious damage cause by the GloFish. In conclusion, genetically modifying organisms should only be used to help improve the environment. whether it be for food or medically.

Media Influence on What Is Beauty Essay - 1481 Words

Everyone has a different view of what is beautiful. Why are we never happy with how we look? Why are we so quick to compare ourselves to others? The simple answer to these questions is: Media. The media is constantly showing images of what is considered beautiful. These images greatly affect society and often impact the way people view themselves. Most of these images are unrealistic, and send unhealthy expectations to women; however most women are willing to do anything they can to achieve this look. In recent times, the notion of thin at all costs defines our culture. The media builds the idea of distorted body images, creating a belief that beauty is achieved through body weight. America, but women and girls more specifically, is so†¦show more content†¦The music in the background lures in the audience more and persuades the eyes to focus on the way these â€Å"ideal† bodies are being advertised. The commercial depicts the notion that skinny is what is desired. Kim and Khloe Kardashian are displaying what all women wish to have, the perfect body. They are using this sense of desire to lure the audience into persuading them to purchase their products. Affective marketing in commercials consists of certain techniques such as sound, music, and slow motion movements to make the viewer fall in love and be attracted to the product. They also use persuasive words that really make the product seem reliable without question, â€Å"Do you feel sexy? Do you have the body you’ve always dreamed of? You can change the way you look; you have the power to reinvent yourself. Create the body you deserve, no more excuses, just results. How hot can you be? Quick Trim, live the dream.† Consumers think if the Kardashian’s are able to look this way using the product then they must be telling the truth, and it truly must be doing what they say it does. Through these words, the sisters are getting their audience to admit to the fact that they are in a way unhappy with their bodies, and that they do want to make changes. At the end of the dialogue, Kim says, â€Å"create the body you deserve†¦how hot can you be?† Here she is insinuating that due to what this product is supposed to do, make you lose weight fast, you will be viewed as attractive. InShow MoreRelatedVisual Media s Influence On Society1661 Words   |  7 PagesOctober 2015 Visual Media’s Influence on Society Information is easily accessible to Americans through the media. Americans can get this information from print, audio, visual, and online. For eight to eighteen year olds, media in some form or fashion normally takes up seven and a half hours of each day. Of those seven and a half hours, most is spent in front of the television. 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